RESUMO
Oligozoospermia is a common infertility disease, and the incidence rate is increasing year by year. Cuscuta chinensis is a commonly used medicine for the treatment of oligozoospermia in Chinese medicine. Flavonoids are its main component. GM-CSF is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in the inflammatory response. In this paper, we performed HE staining and immunohistochemical staining on the testis of rats with oligozoospermia. We intend to study the expression changes of GM-CSF in rats with oligospermia and the effect of flavonoids on the expression of GM-CSF in testis of rats with oligozoospermia.
La oligozoospermia es una enfermedad común de infertilidad, con una tasa de incidencia que aumenta año tras año. Cuscuta chinensis es un medicamento de uso común para el tratamiento de la oligozoospermia en la medicina china. Los flavonoides son su componente principal. GM-CSF es una citocina multifuncional que tiene un rol importante en la respuesta inflamatoria. En este trabajo, realizamos tinción con hematoxilina y eosina y tinción inmunohistoquímica en testículos de ratas con oligozoospermia. TNuestro objetivo fue estudiar los cambios de expresión de GM-CSF en ratas con oligozoospermia y el efecto de los flavonoides en la expresión de GM-CSF en testículos de ratas con oligozoospermia.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Oligospermia/metabolismo , Oligospermia/tratamento farmacológico , Flavonoides/administração & dosagem , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/metabolismo , Cuscuta , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Objective To explore the learning curve of the Tianji orthopedic robot in assisting percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the consecutive 44 OVCF patients (71 fractured vertebrae) who had been treated with PKP assisted by the Tianji orthopedic robot from May 2018 to March 2019 at Department of Ortbopedics,The First Hospital of China Medical University.They were 2 men and 42 women,aged from 55 to 89 years (average,68.6 years).Their operations were performed by the same surgical team.The patients were divided into 4 even groups (n =11) according to the date of operation.The accuracy of robot-assisted puncture,total operation time,robot operation time,PKP operation time and complications were statistically analyzed and compared between the 4 groups.Natural logarithm regression analysis of total operation time,robot operation time and PKP operation time was conducted to determine the association between operation time and operation number [y =aln(x) + b,x indicating operation number and y operation time].Results The 4 groups were comparable due to insignificant differences in age,gender or operative segment between them (P ＞ 0.05).The total rate of accurate puncture was 95.8％ (68/71).The rates of accurate puncture were 92.9％ (13/14),94.4％ (17/18),94.7％ (18/19) and 100％ (20/20) for groups 1,2,3,and4,respectively,with no significant differences between groups (P ＞ 0.05).The total operation time for the 4 groups was respectively 56.6 ± 6.6 min,46.4 ± 8.5 min,40.2 ± 4.7 min and 40.4 ± 5.7 min and the robot operation time for the 4 groups was respectively 32.1 ±4.9 min,23.8 ±5.1 min,18.9 ±2.7 min and 19.6 ± 5.3 min,showing significant differences between the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05) and a significant difference between groups 1 and 2 versus groups 3 and 4 (P ＞ 0.05) but no significant difference between group 3 and 4 (P ＞ 0.05).The natural logarithm regression analysis showed that the total operation time [y =-7.2861n(x) + 66.616,R2 =0.4889,P ＜ 0.001] and robot operation time [y =-5.6621n(x) +39.763,R2 =0.5196,P ＜ 0.001] decreased significantly with the increase of operation number but became stable in groups 3 and 4.There was no significant difference in PKP operation time among the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The main intraoperative complication was leakage of bone cement in the anterior vertebral space and intervertebral space,with a total incidence of 8.5％ (6/71),showing no significant difference among the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The puncture accuracy of the Tianji orthopedic robot in assisting PKP for OVCF may not change with the increased operation number.The total operation time and robotic operation time decrease with the increased operation number.The learning curve of the Tianji orthopedic robot becomes stable very fast,indicating the surgical technique is easy to learn.
RESUMO
The nursing students of Grade 2009 to Grade 2016 were selected.Their skills,midterm,usual and final performances as well as comprehensive scores of normal human morphology course were analyzed by one-way ANOVA in combination with different stages of curriculum integration in order to compare the teaching effect between traditional teaching mode + evaluation system and mixed teaching mode + formative evaluation in the course of normal human morphology.Statistical analysis by SPSS 17.0 showed that the average score of formation stage (traditional teaching mode) was 67.55 ± 12.72,the average score of integration stage (mixed teaching mode) was 72.79 ± 10.93 and the average score of development stage (formative evaluation +mixed teaching mode) was 83.94 ± 9.58.After making comparisons,the P values of ANOVA of the course of normal human body morphology in all stages were all less than 0.001,having statistical significance.The results showed that the overall development of the curriculum is becoming mature and the new teaching model can help students who usually do not like to review.
